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to work at the pit

Толкование Перевод

1 to work down the pit

to work down the pit

trabajar en las minas

English-spanish dictionary > to work down the pit
2 pit

pit [pɪt] (pt & pp pitted, cont pitting)

1 noun

(a) (hole in ground) fosse f, trou m; (pothole in road) nid m de poule;

∎ to dig a pit creuser un trou

(b) (shallow mark → in metal) marque f, piqûre f; (→ on skin) cicatrice f, marque f

(c) (mine) mine f, puits m; (mineshaft) puits m de mine;

∎ to go down the pit descendre dans la mine; (work as miner) travailler à la mine;

∎ to work down the pit travailler à la mine

(d) (quarry) carrière f

(e) British Theatre (for orchestra) fosse f (d'orchestre); (seating section) parterre m

(f) Stock Exchange parquet m, corbeille f

(g) (usu pl) (at motor-racing track) stand m (de ravitaillement)

(h) (in cockfighting) arène f

(i) Sport (for long jump) fosse f

(j) Anatomy creux m;

∎ the pit of the stomach le creux de l'estomac;

∎ figurative her rejection hit him in the pit of his stomach son rejet lui a fait l'effet d'un coup de poing dans l'estomac

(k) British familiar (bed) plumard m, pieu m;

∎ in one's pit au pieu

(l) familiar (untidy place) foutoir m

(m) American (in fruit) noyau m

(n) literary (hell)

∎ the pit l'enfer m

2 compound-forming noun

(closure) de mine; (worker) de fond; (accident) minier

3 transitive verb

(a) (mark) cribler;

∎ his face was pitted with acne son visage était criblé d'acné;

∎ meteors have pitted the surface of the moon la lune est criblée de cratères laissés par les météores;

∎ a road pitted with potholes une route criblée de nids-de-poule;

∎ pitted with rust piqué par la rouille

(b) (oppose) opposer, dresser;

∎ she was pitted against the champion on l'a opposée à la championne;

∎ to pit oneself against sb se mesurer à qn;

∎ to pit one's wits against sb se mesurer à ou avec qn

(c) American (fruit) dénoyauter

4 pits plural noun

∎ familiar to be the pits être complètement nul;

∎ it's the pits! c'est l'horreur!;

∎ this town is the pits cette ville est un vrai trou

►► pit bull (terrier) pit bull m;

pit pony cheval m de mine;

pit prop poteau m ou étau m de mine, étançon m;

pit stop (in motor racing) arrêt m au stand;

∎ to make a pit stop s'arrêter au stand;

Zoology pit viper (Crotalus) crotale m; (Bothrops) bothrops m

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > pit
3 pit

pit

A n

1 (for storage, weapons, bodies) fosse f ;

2 Mining mine f ; to work at the pit travailler à la mine ; to go down the pit aller travailler à la mine ; to work down the pit être mineur ;

3 ( hollow) creux m ; the pit of the stomach le creux du ventre ; a pit of depravity fig un abîme de dépravation ;

4 ( quarry) gravel pit carrière f de gravier, gravière f ;

5 ( trap) trappe f ;

6 US (in peach, cherry, olive) noyau m ;

7 Fin corbeille f ; trading pit parquet m de la Bourse ; wheat pit Bourse f du blé ;

8 Theat parterre m ; orchestra pit fosse f d'orchestre ;

9 Aut ( at garage) fosse f ; ( at racetrack) stand m ;

10 ○ GB ( bed) pieu m ○, lit m.

B modif Mining [closure, fire, gates] de mine ; [strike, village] de mineurs ; pit disaster désastre m minier.

C vtr ( p prés etc - tt-)

1 ( in struggle) to pit sb against opposer qn à [opponent] ; the match will pit Scotland against Brazil le match opposera l'Écosse au Brésil ;

2 ( mark) [tool] marquer [surface, stone] ; [acid] ronger [metal] ; her skin was pitted by smallpox/acne elle avait la peau grêlée par la variole/marquée par l'acné ;

3 US ( remove stones from) dénoyauter [peach, cherry, olive].

D v refl to pit oneself against sb se mesurer à qn ; to pit one's wits against sb se mesurer à qn.

Idioms

it's the pits ○ ! (of place, workplace) c'est l'enfer! ; this place is the pits (of the earth) ○ c'est un des coins les plus moches du globe ○ ; to dig a pit for sb tendre un piège à qn.

Big English-French dictionary > pit
4 pit

1. noun
1) (hole, mine) Grube, die; (natural) Vertiefung, die; (as trap) Fallgrube, die

[work] down the pit — unter Tage [arbeiten] (Bergmannsspr.)

2)

pit of the stomach — Magengrube, die

3) (Brit. Theatre) (for audience) Parkett, das

4) (Motor racing) Box, die
2. transitive verb,
- tt-

1) (set to fight) kämpfen lassen

2) (fig.): (match)

pit something against something — etwas gegen etwas einsetzen

pit one's wits/skill etc. against something — seinen Verstand/sein Können usw. an etwas (Dat.) messen

3)

be pitted — (have pits) voller Vertiefungen sein

* * *
I 1. [pit] noun
1) (a large hole in the ground: The campers dug a pit for their rubbish.) die Grube

2) (a place from which minerals are dug, especially a coal-mine: a chalk-pit; He works at/down the pit.) die Grube

3) (a place beside a motor race track for repairing and refuelling racing cars: The leading car has gone into the pit(s).) die Box
2. verb
((with against) to set (a person or thing) against another in a fight, competition etc: He was pitted against a much stronger man.) gegenüberstellen

- academic.ru/55799/pitfall">pitfall
II 1. [pit] noun
(the hard stone of a peach, cherry etc.) der Kern
2. verb
(to remove the stone from (a peach, cherry etc).) entkernen

* * *

pit¹

[pɪt]

I. n

1. (in ground) Grube f, [Erd]loch nt; (scar) Narbe f; TECH (hollow) Loch nt; (in compact disc) Einbrenngrube f fachspr; MED (in body) Grube f, Höhle f

in the \pit of the stomach in der Magengrube

2. (mine) Bergwerk nt, Zeche f

chalk/clay/gravel \pit Kreide-/Lehm-/Kiesgrube f

to go down the \pit [or work in the \pits] unter Tage arbeiten

3. BRIT ( dated fam: bed) Falle f

I'm going to my \pit ich hau mich in die Falle fam

4. ( pej fam: untidy place) Schweinestall m fam

5. esp BRIT THEAT (seating area) Parkett nt

6. MUS (orchestral area) Orchestergraben m

7. SPORT

▪ the \pits pl die Boxen pl

8. STOCKEX Maklerstand m; AM Börsensaal m, Ring m, Bieterraum m

9.

▶ to be the \pits ( fam) das Letzte sein

II. vt

<- tt->

usu passive

▪ sth is \pitted [with sth] etw ist [von etw dat] zerfurcht

his face was \pitted with pockmarks sein Gesicht war mit Pockennarben übersät

pit²

[pɪt]

I. n esp AM (stone) Kern m

hard \pit Stein m

II. vt

<- tt->

1. FOOD

▪ to \pit sth etw entkernen

to \pit an avocado eine Avocado entsteinen

2. (in competition)

▪ to \pit sth against sth products etw gegen etw akk ins Rennen schicken

▪ to \pit sb against sb:

a war that \pitted neighbour against neighbour ein Krieg, in dem der Nachbar gegen den Nachbarn kämpfte

▪ to \pit oneself against sb/sth sich mit jdm/etw messen

the climbers \pitted themselves against the mountain die Kletterer maßen sich an dem Berg

* * *
I [pɪt]
1. n

1) (= hole) Grube f; (Brit = coal mine) Zeche f, Grube f; (= quarry) Steinbruch m; (= trap) Fallgrube f; (in zoo etc) Grube f; (for cock-fighting) (Kampf)arena f; (of stomach) Magengrube f

to have a sinking feeling in the pit of one's stomach — ein ungutes Gefühl in der Magengegend haben

it makes me feel sick to the pit of my stomach — da kommt mir die Galle hoch

to go down the pit — Bergmann or Bergarbeiter werden

he works down the pit(s) — er arbeitet unter Tage

See:

→ bottomless

2) (AUT in garage) Grube f; (SPORT) (for long jump) Sprunggrube f; (for high jump) Sprunghügel m

the pits (Motor Racing) — die Box

to make a pit stop — einen Boxenstopp machen

3) (THEAT ) (Brit usu pl: for audience) Parkett nt; (= orchestra pit) Orchestergraben m or -versenkung f or -raum m

4) (US ST EX) Börsensaal m

5) (= scar) (on ceramics) Vertiefung f; (on skin) Narbe f

6) (inf: bed) Falle f (inf)

2. vt

1)

the surface of the moon is pitted with small craters — die Mondoberfläche ist mit kleinen Kratern übersät

where the meteorites have pitted the surface — wo die Meteoriten Einschläge hinterlassen haben

his face was pitted with smallpox scars —

the underside of the car was pitted with rust holes — die Unterseite des Wagens war mit Rostlöchern übersät

a pitted road surface — eine mit Schlaglöchern übersäte Fahrbahn

2)

to pit one's strength/wits against sb/sth — seine Kraft/seinen Verstand an jdm/etw messen

to pit oneself against sb — den Kampf gegen jdn aufnehmen

in the next round A is pitted against B — in der nächsten Runde stehen sich A und B gegenüber

they are clearly pitting their new model against ours — mit ihrem neuen Modell nehmen sie offensichtlich den Kampf gegen uns auf
II (US)
1. n
Stein m
2. vt
entsteinen
* * *

pit¹ [pıt]

A s

1. Grube f ( auch ANAT), Loch n, Vertiefung f:

pit of the stomach ANAT Magengrube

2. Fallgrube f, Falle f:

dig a pit for sb fig jemandem eine Falle stellen

3. Abgrund m (auch fig):

the pits umg das Letzte

4. auch pit of hell (Abgrund m der) Hölle f, Höllenschlund m

5. Bergbau:

a) (besonders Kohlen) Grube f, Zeche f

b) (besonders Kohlen) Schacht m:

pit bottom Füllort m (im Schacht)

6. MED (Pocken-, Blattern) Narbe f

7. METALL (Korrosions) Narbe f, (Rost) Grübchen n

8. TECH

a) (Arbeits-, Wartungs) Grube f

b) Gießerei: Dammgrube f

c) (Kies- etc) Grube f

d) Abstichherd m, Schlackengrube f

9. MIL

a) Schützenloch n

b) Anzeigerdeckung f (beim Schießstand)

10. THEAT besonders Br

a) (erstes) Parkett:

pit stalls pl zweites Parkett, Parterre n

b) → orchestra 2 a

11. US Börse f, Maklerstand m (der Produktenbörse):

grain pit Getreidebörse

12. Kampfplatz m (besonders für Hahnenkämpfe)

13. Motorsport: Box f:

pit lane Boxengasse f;

pit stop Boxenstopp m;

he had to stop at the pits, he had to make a pit stop er musste an die Boxen;

make a pit stop fig Zwischenstation machen (in in dat)

14. AGR (Rüben- etc) Miete f

15. Leichtathletik: Sprunggrube f

16. BOT Tüpfel m (dünne Stelle in einer Zellwand)

17. Br hum Bett n

B v/t

1. Gruben oder Löcher oder Vertiefungen bilden in (dat) oder graben in (akk), METALL (durch Korrosion) an-, zerfressen

2. mit Narben bedecken:

pitted with smallpox pockennarbig

3. AGR Rüben etc einmieten

4. (against)

a) (feindlich) gegenüberstellen (dat), (als Gegner) aufstellen (gegen)

b) jemanden ausspielen (gegen)

c) seine Kräfte etc messen (mit) oder aufbieten (gegen), ein Argument etc ins Feld führen (gegen)

C v/i

1. Löcher oder Vertiefungen bilden, sich aushöhlen

2. (pocken-, blatter)narbig werden

3. sich festfressen (Kolben)

4. MED (auf Fingerdruck) eine Druckstelle hinterlassen

pit² [pıt] besonders US

A s (Obst)Stein m, Kern m

B v/t entsteinen, -kernen

* * *
1. noun
1) (hole, mine) Grube, die; (natural) Vertiefung, die; (as trap) Fallgrube, die

[work] down the pit — unter Tage [arbeiten] (Bergmannsspr.)

2)

pit of the stomach — Magengrube, die

3) (Brit. Theatre) (for audience) Parkett, das

4) (Motor racing) Box, die
2. transitive verb,
- tt-

1) (set to fight) kämpfen lassen

2) (fig.): (match)

pit something against something — etwas gegen etwas einsetzen

pit one's wits/skill etc. against something — seinen Verstand/sein Können usw. an etwas (Dat.) messen

3)

be pitted — (have pits) voller Vertiefungen sein

* * *

n.

Box -en (Sport) f.

Fallgrube f.

Grube -n f.

English-german dictionary > pit
5 pit

I
1. pit noun
1) (a large hole in the ground: The campers dug a pit for their rubbish.) hoyo, foso, fosa

2) (a place from which minerals are dug, especially a coal-mine: a chalk-pit; He works at/down the pit.) mina, pozo

3) (a place beside a motor race track for repairing and refuelling racing cars: The leading car has gone into the pit(s).) boxes

2. verb
((with against) to set (a person or thing) against another in a fight, competition etc: He was pitted against a much stronger man.) oponer una persona a otra, poner a una persona contra otra

- pitfall

II
1. pit noun
(the hard stone of a peach, cherry etc.)

2. verb
(to remove the stone from (a peach, cherry etc).) deshuesar, quitar las pepitas

pit n

1. hoyo / foso

they dug a pit cavaron un foso

2. pozo / mina

his grandfather worked down the pit su abuelo trabajó en una mina

pit

tr[pɪt]

noun

1 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (seed) pepita; (stone) hueso

transitive verb (pt & pp pitted, ger pitting)

1 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL quitar las pepitas a, deshuesar

————————

pit

tr[pɪt]

noun

1 (hole) hoyo, foso; (large) hoya; (grave) fosa

2 (mine) mina, pozo

3 (in garage) foso

4 (mark - on metal, glass) señal nombre femenino, marca; (- on skin) picadura, cicatriz nombre femenino

5 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL (stalls) patio de butacas, platea; (for orquestra) foso de la orquesta

transitive verb (pt & pp pitted, ger pitting)

1 (mark) picar, marcar

noun the pit

1 (hell) el infierno

plural noun the pits

1 (in motor racing) los boxes nombre masculino plural

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be the pits ser terrible, ser fatal

to work down the pit trabajar en las minas

to pit one's strength against somebody medirse con alguien, enfrentarse a alguien, competir con alguien

to pit one's wits against somebody medirse con alguien intelectualmente

pit of the stomach boca del estómago

pit worker minero

pit ['pɪt] v, pitted ; pitting vt

1) : marcar de hoyos, picar (una superficie)

2) : deshuesar (una fruta)

3)

to pit against : enfrentar a, oponer a

pit vi

: quedar marcado

pit n

1) hole: fosa f, hoyo m

a bottomless pit: un pozo sin fondo

2) mine: mina f

3) : foso m

orchestra pit: foso orquestal

4) pockmark: marca f (en la cara), cicatriz f de viruela

5) stone: hueso m, pepa f (de una fruta)

6)

pit of the stomach : boca f del estómago

pit

n.

• boca del estómago s.f.

• escollo s.m.

• foso s.m.

• hoya s.f.

• hoyo s.m.

• hoyuelo s.m.

• hueso s.m.

• mina s.f.

• pozo s.m.

v.

• deshuesar v.

I pɪt
noun

1) ( hole - in ground) hoyo m, pozo m; (- for burying) fosa f; (- as trap) trampa f, fosa f

(inspection) pit — ( Auto) foso m or (RPl) fosa f

the pit of the stomach — la boca del estomago

a bottomless pit — (costly business, enterprise) un pozo sin fondo; ( person who eats a lot)

he's a bottomless pit — tiene la solitaria (fam), es un barril sin fondo (AmL fam)

2)

a) ( coalmine) mina f ( de carbón)

b) ( quarry) cantera f

3) ( orchestra pit) foso m orquestal or de la orquesta

4) ( in Stock Exchange) (AmE) parqué m

5) pits pl

a) ( in motor racing)

the pits — los boxes, los pits

b) ( the very worst) (sl)

the pits — lo peor que hay (fam)

6) ( in fruit) (AmE) hueso m, cuesco m, carozo m (CS), pepa f (Col)

II

- tt- transitive verb

1) ( mark) \<\<surface/metal\>\> picar*, marcar*

2) ( remove stone) (AmE) \<\<fruit/olive\>\> quitarle el hueso or el cuesco or (CS) el carozo or (Col) la pepa a, deshuesar, descarozar* (CS)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- pit against

I [pɪt]
1. N

1) (=hole in ground) hoyo m, foso m ; (as grave) fosa f ; (as trap) trampa f ; (fig) abismo m

he felt himself in a pit of despair — se hallaba sumido en un abismo de desesperación

the pit — (=hell) el infierno

the pit of hell — lo más profundo del infierno

the pit of one's stomach — la boca del estómago
bear I, 1., 1), clay, gravel, snake
2) (Min) mina f (de carbón); (=quarry) cantera f

to go down the pit(s) — (lit) bajar a la mina; (=start work there) ir a trabajar a la mina

3) (Aut) (also: inspection pit) foso m de reparación

4)

the pits —

a) (Motor racing) los boxes

b) (US)
*
to be in the pits — [person, economy] estar por los suelos *

c) (Brit) (=awful)

this town really is the pits — este pueblo es para echarse a llorar

he's the pits — es insoportable

5) (Brit)
(Theat)
the pit — el patio de butacas, la platea
orchestra 2.
6) (for cockfighting) cancha f, reñidero m

7) (US) (St Ex) parquet m de la Bolsa

the cotton pit — la bolsa del algodón

8) (=small depression) (in metal, glass) muesca f, marca f ; (on face) marca f, picadura f

9) (Brit) * (=bed) catre * m, piltra f (Sp) *

2. VT

1) (=mark) [+ surface] picar, marcar

a car pitted with rust — un coche con marcas de óxido

his face was pitted with pockmarks — tenía la cara picada de viruelas

the tarmac was pitted with craters — la calzada estaba llena de hoyos

2) (fig)

her argument is pitted with flaws — su argumento está plagado de defectos

3.

CPD

pit bull (terrier) N — pit bull terrier m, bull terrier m de pelea

pit closure N — cierre m de pozos (mineros)

pit lane N — (Motor racing) recta f de boxes

pit pony N — poney usado antiguamente en las minas

pit stop N — (Motor racing) entrada f en boxes; * (on journey) parada f en ruta

to make a pit stop — (Motor racing) entrar en boxes; * (on journey) hacer una parada

pit worker N — minero(-a) m / f

- pit against

II [pɪt] (US)
1.

N (in fruit) pepita f, hueso m, pepa f (esp LAm)

2.

VT deshuesar, quitar el hueso a

* * *

I [pɪt]
noun

1) ( hole - in ground) hoyo m, pozo m; (- for burying) fosa f; (- as trap) trampa f, fosa f

(inspection) pit — ( Auto) foso m or (RPl) fosa f

the pit of the stomach — la boca del estomago

a bottomless pit — (costly business, enterprise) un pozo sin fondo; ( person who eats a lot)

he's a bottomless pit — tiene la solitaria (fam), es un barril sin fondo (AmL fam)

2)

a) ( coalmine) mina f ( de carbón)

b) ( quarry) cantera f

3) ( orchestra pit) foso m orquestal or de la orquesta

4) ( in Stock Exchange) (AmE) parqué m

5) pits pl

a) ( in motor racing)

the pits — los boxes, los pits

b) ( the very worst) (sl)

the pits — lo peor que hay (fam)

6) ( in fruit) (AmE) hueso m, cuesco m, carozo m (CS), pepa f (Col)

II

- tt- transitive verb

1) ( mark) \<\<surface/metal\>\> picar*, marcar*

2) ( remove stone) (AmE) \<\<fruit/olive\>\> quitarle el hueso or el cuesco or (CS) el carozo or (Col) la pepa a, deshuesar, descarozar* (CS)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- pit against

English-spanish dictionary > pit
6 pit ***

I [pɪt]
1. n

1) (hole in ground) buca, fossa, (on moon) cratere m, (coalmine) miniera di carbone, (quarry) cava, (to trap animals) buca

in the pit of one's stomach — alla bocca dello stomaco

he used to work down the pit — lavorava in miniera

the last pit was closed twenty years ago — l'ultima miniera di carbone è stata chiusa vent'anni fa

they dug a large pit — hanno scavato una grande buca

2) (Auto: in garage) fossa, Motor Racing, (also: the pits) i box

3) Brit Theatre platea

orchestra pit — golfo mistico

2. vt

1) (subj: chickenpox) butterare, (rust) corrodere in più punti

2)

to pit A against B — contrapporre A a B

to pit one's wits against sb — misurarsi contro qn
II [pɪt] n
(in fruit) nocciolo, seme m

English-Italian dictionary > pit ***
7 pit

pit

1. pit [pɪt] n

1) ( in ground) Grube f, [Erd]loch nt; ( scar) Narbe f; tech ( hollow) Loch nt; ( in compact disc) Einbrenngrube f fachspr med ( in body) Grube f, Höhle f;

in the \pit of the stomach in der Magengrube

2) ( mine) Bergwerk nt, Zeche f;

chalk/ clay/gravel \pit Kreide-/Lehm-/Kiesgrube f;

to go down the \pit [or work in the \pits] unter Tage arbeiten

3) ( Brit) ((dated) fam: bed) Falle f;

I'm going to my \pit ich hau mich in die Falle ( fam)

4) (pej fam: untidy place) Schweinestall m ( fam)

5) ( esp Brit) theat ( seating area) Parkett nt

6) mus ( orchestral area) Orchestergraben m

7) sports

the \pits pl die Boxen fpl

8) (Am) stockex

the \pit der Börsensaal

PHRASES:

to be the \pits ( fam) das Letzte sein vt <- tt-> usu passive

sth is \pitted [with sth] etw ist [von etw dat] zerfurcht;

his face was \pitted with pockmarks sein Gesicht war mit Pockennarben übersät

2. pit [pɪt] n ( esp Am) ( stone) Kern m;

hard \pit Stein m vt <- tt->

1) food

to \pit sth etw entkernen;

to \pit an avocado eine Avocado entsteinen

2) to \pit sth against sth products etw gegen etw akk ins Rennen schicken;

a war that \pitted neighbour against neighbour ein Krieg, in dem der Nachbar gegen den Nachbarn kämpfte;

to \pit oneself against sb/ sth sich mit jdm/etw messen;

the climbers \pitted themselves against the mountain die Kletterer maßen sich an dem Berg

English-German students dictionary > pit
8 pit

̈ɪpɪt I
1. сущ.
1) а) яма, углубление, впадина б) волчья яма;
западня в) шахта, копь, карьер, шурф pit mouth ≈ устье шахты pit wood ≈ крепежный лес г) преисподняя (тж. the pit of hell, the bottomless pit)
2) а) анат. впадина, ямка б) оспина, родинка( на коже) в) раковина( на отливке)
3) а) арена для петушиных боев б) партер, тж. презр.;
оркестровая яма And was on most friendly terms with the pit. ≈ И был запанибрата с чернью из партера (О.Уайльд, "Портрет Дориана Грея", гл.
4) Syn: parterre, stalls в) амер. отдел товарной биржи
4) спорт пит, паддок, гараж( в автогонках - территория, отведенная командам для содержания автомобилей и ремонта, дозаправки и смены колес во время гонки) см. pit stop
5) а) уст. темница, тюрьма б) воен. одиночный окоп ∙
2. гл.
1) а) класть, складывать, закладывать в яму (для хранения;
особ. об овощах и т. п.) б) рыть ямы
2) покрывать(ся) ямками;
оставлять следы, отметины His skin is pitted with the marks left by the disease. ≈ Его кожа покрылась отметинами, которые остались после болезни.
3) а) стравливать( петухов) ;
выставлять в качестве противника (against) б) бороться, противостоять Are you willing to pit your skill against that of our leading player? ≈ Хочешь помериться силами с нашим главным игроком?
4) спорт заезжать на пит-стоп (в автогонках) At the back Michael Schumacher runs into more trouble and he has to pit. ≈ Позади всех очередные проблемы случаются у Михаэля Шумахера и ему приходится делать пит-стоп (Пресс-релиз FIA оГран-При Австралии, первом этапе чемпионата мира Формулы 1 1999 года). II
1. сущ. фруктовая косточка
2. гл. вынимать косточки яма, ямка;
впадина;
углубление - air * воздушная яма( военное) ровик, одиночный окоп;
ячейка;
гнездо - machine-gun * пулеметный окоп, пулеметная ячейка шахта;
рудник;
шахтный ствол;
карьер, разрез;
копь - stone * каменоломня - to work in the *s работать на шахте выемка;
котлован колодец;
шурф литейная яма( техническое) смотровая канава;
ремонтная яма яма для хранения овощей (тж. storage *) силосная яма выгребная яма яма для сжигания древесного угля парник гурт( братская) могила (the *) часто pl (автомобильное) заправочно-ремонтный пункт( на автогонках) волчья яма, западня ловушка, западня;
неожиданная или непредвиденная опасность (the *) преисподняя, ад (тж. the * of hell, the bottomless *) - the yawning * зияющая бездна, ад (анатомия) ямка, углубление the * of the stomach подложечная ямка - (a queer feeling) in the * of the stomach (сосет) под ложечкой оспина, рябина - a few *s of the smallpox несколько оспинок - a surface marked by raindrop *s на поверхности следы дождевых капель раковина - * corrosion точечная коррозия партер, особ. задние ряды за креслами - the * applauded loudly партер громко аплодировал оркестровая яма (тж. orchestra *) арена петушиных, собачьих боев (американизм) часть биржевого зала, отведенная для торговли определенным товаром - wheat * пшеничная биржа( устаревшее) тюрьма;
темница (ботаника) пора( спортивное) яма для прыжков (в длину, в высоту, с шестом) игровой зал (в казино) род шумной карточной игры площадка, куда скатываются (сбитые) кегли( техническое) загрузочный бункер или воронка > to fly /to shoot/ the * струсить;
сбежать > to dig a * for smb. рыть кому-л. яму > he who digs a * for others falls in himself (пословица) не рой яму другому, сам в нее попадешь класть, складывать, закладывать в яму для хранения (особ. овощи) - to * potatoes закладывать картофель в ямы рыть ямы делать ямки;
оставлять следы, отметины - her face was *ted with smallpox ее лицо было изрыто оспой - ground *ted by erosion земля со следами эрозии стравливать (особ. петухов) ;
натравливать - to * smb. against smb. натравливать одного на другого выставлять кого-л., что-л. против кого-л., чего-л. - to * one boxer against another выставить одного боксера против другого - the old man *ted his brains against the big man's strength силе огромного детины старик противопоставил свой ум бороться;
противостоять - to * oneself against smb. помериться силами с кем-л. - to * oneself against heavy odds быть вынужденным преодолевать огромные трудности - two armies were *ted against each other две армии противостояли друг другу (медицина) оставлять след на коже (от нажатия пальцем и т. п.) останавливаться на заправочно-ремонтном пункте (автогонки) покрываться коррозией (американизм) фрууктовая косточка - to remove the *s вынимать косточки (американизм) вынимать косточки - to * cherries чистить вишню - to * peaches вынимать косточки из персиков ~ яма;
углубление;
впадина;
air pit воздушная яма ~ attr. шахтный;
pit mouth устье шахты;
pit wood горн. крепежный лес;
to dig a pit (for smb.) рыть (кому-л.) яму gravel ~ гравийный карьер ~ анат. ямка, впадина;
the pit of the stomach подложечная ямка;
in the pit of the stomach под ложечкой ~ шахта, копь;
карьер, шурф;
open pit карьер, открытая разработка pit арена для петушиных боев ~ волчья яма;
западня ~ вынимать косточки ~ заправочно-ремонтный пункт (в автомобильных гонках) ~ место для оркестра (в театре) ~ воен. одиночный окоп ~ оспина, рябина (на коже) ~ амер. отдел товарной биржи ~ партер (особ. задние ряды за креслами) ~ (особ. p. p.) покрывать(ся) ямками;
pitted with smallpox рябой ~ (the ~) преисподняя (тж. the pit of hell) ~ раковина (на отливке) ~ рыть ямы ~ складывать в яму (для хранения;
особ. об овощах и т. п.) ~ стравливать (петухов) ;
выставлять в качестве противника (against) ~ уст. тюрьма, темница;
pit and gallow шотл. ист. право баронов топить или вешать преступников ~ амер. фруктовая косточка ~ часть биржевого зала, отведенная для торговли определенным товаром ~ шахта, копь;
карьер, шурф;
open pit карьер, открытая разработка ~ яма;
углубление;
впадина;
air pit воздушная яма ~ яма (площадка в помещении срочной биржи, на которой производится торг) ~ анат. ямка, впадина;
the pit of the stomach подложечная ямка;
in the pit of the stomach под ложечкой ~ уст. тюрьма, темница;
pit and gallow шотл. ист. право баронов топить или вешать преступников ~ attr. шахтный;
pit mouth устье шахты;
pit wood горн. крепежный лес;
to dig a pit (for smb.) рыть (кому-л.) яму ~ attr. шахтный;
pit mouth устье шахты;
pit wood горн. крепежный лес;
to dig a pit (for smb.) рыть (кому-л.) яму ~ анат. ямка, впадина;
the pit of the stomach подложечная ямка;
in the pit of the stomach под ложечкой to ~ one's strength against an enemy сразиться с врагом;
to pit oneself against heavy odds бороться с огромными трудностями to ~ one's strength against an enemy сразиться с врагом;
to pit oneself against heavy odds бороться с огромными трудностями ~ attr. шахтный;
pit mouth устье шахты;
pit wood горн. крепежный лес;
to dig a pit (for smb.) рыть (кому-л.) яму ~ (особ. p. p.) покрывать(ся) ямками;
pitted with smallpox рябой soot ~ тех. зольник test ~ геол. пробный шурф, разведочная скважина

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > pit
9 pit

I
1. [pıt] n

1. 1) яма, ямка; впадина; углубление

air pit - воздушная яма

2) воен. ровик, одиночный окоп; ячейка; гнездо

machine-gun pit - пулемётный окоп, пулемётная ячейка

2. 1) шахта; рудник; шахтный ствол; карьер, разрез; копь

stone pit - каменоломня

to work in the pits - работать на шахте

2) выемка; котлован

3) колодец; шурф

4) метал. литейная яма

5) тех. смотровая канава; ремонтная яма

3. 1) яма для хранения овощей (тж. storage pit)

2) силосная яма

3) выгребная яма

4) яма для сжигания древесного угля

5) парник

6) гурт

7) (братская) могила

4. (the pit) часто pl авт. заправочно-ремонтный пункт ( на автогонках)

5. 1) волчья яма, западня

2) ловушка, западня; неожиданная или непредвиденная опасность

6. (the pit) преисподняя, ад (тж. the pit of hell, the bottomless pit)

the yawning pit - зияющая бездна, ад

7. анат. ямка, углубление

the pit of the stomach - подложечная ямка

(a queer feeling) in the pit of the stomach - (сосёт) под ложечкой

8. 1) оспина, рябина

a few pits of the smallpox - несколько оспинок

a surface marked by raindrop pits - на поверхности следы дождевых капель

2) метал. раковина

pit corrosion - метал. точечная коррозия

9. партер, особ. задние ряды за креслами

the pit applauded loudly - партер громко аплодировал

10. оркестровая яма (тж. orchestra pit)

11. арена петушиных, собачьих боёв

12. амер. часть биржевого зала, отведённая для торговли определённым товаром

wheat pit - пшеничная биржа

13. арх. тюрьма; темница

14. бот. пора

15. спорт. яма для прыжков (в длину, в высоту, с шестом)

16. игровой зал ( в казино)

17. род шумной карточной игры

18. 1) площадка, куда скатываются (сбитые) кегли

2) тех. загрузочный бункер или воронка

♢ to fly /to shoot/ the pit - а) струсить; б) сбежать

to dig a pit for smb. - рыть кому-л. яму

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself - посл. не рой яму другому, сам в неё попадёшь

2. [pıt] v

1. класть, складывать, закладывать в яму для хранения (особ. овощи)

to pit potatoes - закладывать картофель в ямы

2. 1) рыть ямы

2) делать ямки; оставлять следы, отметины

her face was pitted with smallpox - её лицо было изрыто оспой

ground pitted by erosion - земля со следами эрозии

3. 1) стравливать (особ. петухов)

2) натравливать

to pit smb. against smb. - натравливать одного на другого

3) выставлять кого-л., что-л. против кого-л., чего-л.

to pit one boxer [wrestler] against another - выставить одного боксёра [борца] против другого

the old man pitted his brains against the big man's strength - силе огромного детины старик противопоставил свой ум

4. бороться; противостоять

to pit oneself against smb. - помериться силами с кем-л.

to pit oneself against heavy odds - быть вынужденным преодолевать огромные трудности

two armies were pitted against each other - две армии противостояли друг другу

5. мед. оставлять след на коже (от нажатия пальцем и т. п.)

6. останавливаться на заправочно-ремонтном пункте ( автогонки)

7. покрываться коррозией
II
1. [pıt] n амер.

фруктовая косточка

to remove the pits - вынимать косточки

2. [pıt] v амер.

вынимать косточки

to pit cherries - чистить вишню

to pit peaches - вынимать косточки из персиков

НБАРС > pit
10 Menzies, Michael

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Mining and extraction technology

[br]

b. end of the seventeenth century Lanarkshire, Scotland (?)

d. 13 December 1766 Edinburgh, Scotland

[br]

Scottish inventor and lawyer.

[br]

Menzies was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 31 January 1719. It is evident from his applications for patents that he was more concerned with inventions than the law, however. He took out his first patent in 1734 for a threshing machine in which a number of flails were attached to a horizontal axis, which was moved rapidly forwards and backwards through half a revolution, essentially imitating the action of an ordinary flail. The grain to be threshed was placed on either side.

Though not a practical success, Menzies's invention seems to have been the first for the mechanical threshing of grain. His idea of imitating non-mechanized action also influenced his invention of a coal cutter, for which he took out a patent in 1761 and which copied miners' tools for obtaining coal. He proposed to carry heavy chains down the pit so that they could be used to give motion to iron picks, saws or other chains with cutting implements. The chains could be set into motion by a steam-engine, by water-or windmills, or by horses gins. Although it is quite obvious that this apparatus could not work, Menzies was the first to have thought of mechanizing coal production in the style that was in use in the late twentieth century. Subsequent to Menzies's proposal, many inventors at varying intervals followed this direction until the problem was finally solved one century later by, among others, W.E. Garforth.

Menzies had successfully used the power of a steam-engine on the Wear eight years beforehand, when he obtained a patent for raising coal. According to his device a descending bucket filled with water raised a basket of coals, while a steam-engine pumped the water back to the surface; the balance-tub system, in various forms, quickly spread to other coalfields. Menzies's patent from 1750 for improved methods of carrying the coals from the coalface to the pit-shaft had also been of considerable influence: this device employed self-acting inclined planes, whereon the descending loaded wagons hauled up the empty ones.

[br]

Further Reading

The article entitled "Michael Menzies" in the Dictionary of National Biography neglects Menzies's inventions for mining. A comprehensive evaluation of his influence on coal cutting is given in the introductory chapter of S.F.Walker, 1902, Coal-Cutting by

Machinery, London.

WK

Biographical history of technology > Menzies, Michael
11 mine

I.

mine

❢ In French, pronouns reflect the gender and number of the noun they are standing for. So mine is translated by le mien, la mienne, les miens, les miennes, according to what is being referred to: the blue car is mine = la voiture bleue est la mienne ; his children are older than mine = ses enfants sont plus âgés que les miens. For examples and particular usages, see the entry below. pron his car is red but mine is blue sa voiture est rouge mais la mienne est bleue ; the green pen is mine le stylo vert est le mien ; which glass is mine? lequel (de ces verres) est le mien?, mon verre c'est lequel ○ ? ; mine's a whisky ○ un whisky pour moi ; she's a friend of mine c'est une amie à moi ; he's no friend of mine! ce n'est pas un ami à moi! ; it's not mine ce n'est pas à moi ; the book isn't mine to lend you je ne peux pas te prêter ce livre, il n'est pas à moi ; mine is not an easy task fml ma tâche n'est pas facile ; that brother of mine péj mon imbécile de frère ○.

II.

mine

A n

1 Mining mine f ; to work in ou down the mines travailler dans les mines ; to go down the mine ( become a miner) descendre à la mine ;

2 fig mine f ; to be a mine of information être une mine de renseignements ; to have a mine of experience to draw on pouvoir s'appuyer sur son expérience ;

3 Mil ( explosive) mine f ; to lay a mine ( on land) poser une mine ; ( in sea) mouiller une mine ; to hit ou strike a mine heurter une mine.

B vtr

1 Mining extraire [gems, mineral] ; exploiter [area] ;

2 Mil ( lay mines in) miner [area] ; ( blow up) faire sauter [ship, tank].

C vi exploiter un gisement ; to mine for extraire [gems, mineral].

Phrasal verb

■ mine out:

▶ mine out [sth], mine [sth] out extraire [mineral] ; exploiter [area, pit] ; the pit is completely mined out la mine est épuisée.

Big English-French dictionary > mine
12 push

1. I
abs

don't push! не толкайтесь!, не напирайте!; push! от себя! (надпись на дверях)
2. II
1) push in some manner push rudely (cautiously, violently, unintentionally, etc.) грубо и т.д. толкнуть; push somewhere push aside (back, forward, etc.) протискиваться в сторону и т.д.

2) push in some manner door that pushes easily дверь, которая легко открывается
3. III
1) push smth., smb. push a cart (a wheelbarrow, a pram, etc.) толкать перед собой тележку и т.д.; push the gate (the door, etc.) толкать /толчком открывать/ ворота и т.д.; push the window резко распахнуть окне; push the door, don't pull it толкните дверь, не дергайте ее; smb. pushed me кто-то толкнул /пихнул/ меня

2) push smth., smb. push the button нажимать кнопку; push one's demands (a proposal, an action, etc.) настойчиво выставлять /отстаивать/ свои требования и т.д.; unless you push your claims you'll get no satisfaction вы ничего не получите, если не проявите настойчивости; push one's advantage использовать свое преимущество; I don't want to push you я не хочу оказывать на вас давление; push one's wares рекламировать или навязывать свои товары id don't push your luck не искушай судьбу

3) push smb. push one's nephew продвигать своего племянника, протежировать своему племяннику; push oneself стараться продвинуться
4. IV
1) push smb. in some manner his parents push him too hard родители слишком на него давят

2) push smth., smb. somewhere push books (papers, dishes, etc.) aside отодвигать /сдвигать/ [в сторону] / книги и т.д.; push smb. aside отталкивать кого-л.; push back the enemy's cavalry теснить кавалерию противника; push back one's hair откидывать волосы со лба; they pushed him down and he fell to' the bottom они столкнули его, и он упал на дно; push down the lid and lock the box надави на крышку и запри ящик; he wasn't at all hungry, he had to push the food down ему совсем не хотелось есть, и он с трудом проглатывал пищу; they pushed the prisoner in заключенного втолкнули в камеру; he is always pushing himself forward вечно он вылезает; he never pushes himself forward /ahead/ он никогда не лезет вперед; push smb., smth. out выталкивать кого-л., что-л.; push smb., smth. over столкнуть /опрокинуть/ кого-л., что-л.; don't push me over! не столкни меня!; take care, you'll push the table over осторожнее, ты опрокинешь стол; push smb. up /upwards/ подсаживать кого-л., помочь кому-л. взобраться куда-л.; I can't reach the branch, you push me up, please я не достаю ветку, подсади меня, пожалуйста; push up a shade (a blind, a window, etc.) поднимать жалюзи и т.д.; she pushed up her veil она откинула вуаль; Alexander the Great pushed his conquests still further east в своих завоеваниях Александр Македонский продвигался все дальше на восток

3) push smth. somewhere push all obstacles (difficulties, etc.) aside устранять /сметать/ все препятствия и т.д.; push upwards the standard of living резко поднять уровень жизни; push a joke too far зайти в своей шутке слишком далеко; push smth. in some manner he pushed his plans cleverly он ловко устраивал свои дела /осуществлял свои планы/
5. VI
push smth. to some state push the door (the window, etc.) open распахнуть дверь и т.д.; push the drawer open резким движением выдвинуть ящик стола; push the door (the window, the drawer, etc.) shut /closed/ захлопнуть дверь и т.д.
6. VII
push smb. to do smth. push smb. (oneself) to complete the job (to continue doing this dull work, to sell the picture, etc.) заставлять кого-л. (себя) закончить работу и т.д.
7. XI
1) be pushed by smb., smth. our train was pushed uphill by an additional locomotive в гору наш поезд тянул еще один паровоз; the wheelchair was pushed by a servant слуга толкал инвалидную коляску

2) be pushed in some manner preparations are being pushed actively ведутся активные приготовления; be pushed for smth. be pushed for time (for money, etc.) иметь очень мало времени и т.д.; we are pushed for an answer нас торопят с ответом; be pushed into smth. I was pushed into medicine (into music, into business, etc.) меня заставили заняться медициной и т.д.; be pushed into smth. by smb. I was pushed into this affair by my brother мой брат втянул меня в это дело /толкнул меня на эту аферу/
8. XVI
1) push with smth. push with the elbow (with the shoulder, with the fists, etc.) пробивать себе дорогу /расталкивать кого-л./ локтями и т.д.; push with all one's might проталкиваться /напирать/ изо всех сил; push into (down, past, etc.) smth., smb. push into the room (into the elevator, into the car, etc.) втиснуться /с трудом войти/ в комнату и т.д.; push into the world's market пробиться на мировой рынок; push down the river (down the stream, etc.) спускаться /плыть вниз/ по реке и т.д.; the rude fellow pushed past me грубиян, толкнув меня, прошел мимо; who is pushing at the back there? кто там напирает сзади?; we pushed through a crowd мы проталкивались сквозь толпу

2) push at smth. push at the doorbell нажимать на кнопку звонка
9. XXI1
1) push smb., smth. into (off, out of, through, etc.) smth. push smb., smth. into the water (into the river, into the pit, etc.) столкнуть /спихнуть/ кого-л., что-л. в воду и т.д.; push smb. into the room втолкнуть /впихнуть/ кого-л. в комнату; push a cork into a bottle протолкнуть пробку в бутылку; push a finger into smb.'s eye ткнуть кого-л. пальцем в глаз; push money into smb.'s hands сунуть деньги кому-л. в руки; push one's way into the meeting силой /расталкивая всех/ прорваться на собрание; push the war into the enemy's country перенести военные действия на территорию противника; push smb., smth. off the pavement (off the train, off the platform, off the ladder, off the table, etc.) сбросить /столкнуть/ кого-л., что-л. с тротуара и т.д.: push smb. out of the room выталкивать кого-л. из комнаты; push smb. out of the way столкнуть кого-л. со своего пути; push a pin through a piece of cardboard проткнуть картон булавкой; push a string through a hole пропустить веревку через отверстие; push one's way through the crowd (through the bushes, through obstacles, etc.) прокладывать себе дорогу /пробиваться/ через толпу и т.д.; push one's head through the window высунуть голову в окно; push smb. against a door (against a wall, against a gate, etc.) прижимать кого-л. к двери и т.д.; push the table nearer to the Walt (the chair to the window, the book to me, a dish to the centre of the table, the box a little to the right, etc.) пододвигать стол ближе к стене и т.д.; push smb., smth. with smth. push smb., smth. with one's hand (with one's shoulder, etc.) толкать кого-л., что-л. рукой и т.д.

2) push smth. to (through, into, etc.) smth. push one's plan (one's project, the work, etc.) to completion настойчиво добиваться завершения плана и т.д.; push a bill through Congress (a measure through the committee, etc.) "проталкивать" законопроект через конгресс и т.д.; push one's way into a job добиться работы /места/; push smth. in smth. push one's way in life (in the world. etc.) прокладывать себе дорогу /пробиваться/ в жизни и т.д.; push smb. for smth. push smb. for an answer (for money, for payment, etc.) торопить кого-л. с ответом и т.д.; push smth. on smb. coll. push one's wares (inferior merchandise, etc.) on one's customers навязывать товар и т.д. покупателям

3) push smb. to smth. push smb. to the limits of his patience (to the last extremity, to the verge of exhaustion, to the point of self-torture, etc.) доводить кого-л. до крайности и т.д.

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > push
13 Cort, Henry

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

b. 1740 Lancaster, England

d. 1800 Hampstead, near London, England

[br]

English ironmaster, inventor of the puddling process and grooved rollers for forming iron into bars.

[br]

His father was a mason and brickmaker but, anxious to improve himself, Cort set up in London in 1765 as a navy agent, said to have been a profitable business. He recognized that, at that time, the conversion of pig iron to malleable or wrought iron, which was needed in increasing quantities as developments in industry and mechanical engineering gathered pace, presented a bottleneck in the ironmaking process. The finery hearth was still in use, slow and inefficient and requiring the scarce charcoal as fuel. To tackle this problem, Cort gave up his business and acquired a furnace and slitting mill at Fontley, near Fareham in Hampshire. In 1784 he patented his puddling process, by which molten pig iron on the bed of a reverberatory furnace was stirred with an iron bar and, by the action of the flame and the oxygen in the air, the carbon in the pig iron was oxidized, leaving nearly pure iron, which could be forged to remove slag. In this type of furnace, the fuel and the molten iron were separated, so that the cheaper coal could be used as fuel. It was the stirring action with the iron bar that gave the name "puddling" to the process. Others had realized the problem and reached a similar solution, notably the brothers Thomas and George Cranage, but only Cort succeeded in developing a commercially viable process. The laborious hammering of the ball of iron thus produced was much reduced by an invention of the previous year, 1783. This too was patented. The iron was passed between grooved rollers to form it into bars. Cort entered into an agreement with Samuel Jellico to set up an ironworks at Gosport to exploit his inventions. Samuel's father Adam, Deputy Paymaster of the Navy, advanced capital for this venture, Cort having expended much of his own resources in the experimental work that preceded his inventions. However, it transpired that Jellico senior had, unknown to Cort, used public money to advance the capital; the Admiralty acted to recover the money and Cort lost heavily, including the benefits from his patents. Rival ironmasters were quick to pillage the patents. In 1790, and again the following year, Cort offered unsuccessfully to work for the military. Finally, in 1794, at the instigation of the Prime Minister, William Pitt the Younger, Cort was paid a pension of £200 per year in recognition of the value of his improvements in the technology of ironmaking, although this was reduced by deductions to £160. After his death, the pension to his widow was halved, while some of his children received a pittance. Without the advances made by Cort, however, the iron trade could not have met the rapidly increasing demand for iron during the industrial revolution.

[br]

Bibliography

1787, A Brief State of Facts Relative to the New Method of Making Bar Iron with Raw Pit Coal and Grooved Rollers (held in the Science Museum Library archive collection).

Further Reading

H.W.Dickinson, 1941, "Henry Cort's bicentary", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 21: 31–47 (there are further references to grooved rollers and the puddling process in Vol. 49 of the same periodical (1978), on pp. 153–8).

R.A.Mott, 1983, Henry Con, the Great Finery Creator of Puddled Iron, Sheffield: Historical Metallurgy Society.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Cort, Henry
14 mine *****

I [maɪn] poss pron
pl
il (la)mio (-a)
i (le)miei (mie)

he's a friend of mine — è un mio amico

is this your coat? - no, mine's black — è tuo questo cappotto? - no, il mio è nero

this is mine — questo è (il) mio

this book is mine — questo libro è mio

these pencils are mine — queste matite sono mie

your marks are better than mine — i tuoi voti sono migliori dei miei

her shoes are nicer than mine — le sue scarpe sono più belle delle mie
II [maɪn]
1. n

1) (pit) miniera

a coal mine — una miniera di carbone

to work down the mines — lavorare in miniera

a mine of information fig — una miniera di informazioni

2) (explosive) mina

to lay mines — posare delle mine

there are still many unexploded mines in Kosovo — ci sono ancora molte mine inesplose in Kosovo

2. vt

1) (coal, metal) estrarre

2) Mil, Naut minare

3. vi

fare degli scavi minerari

to mine for sth — estrarre qc

English-Italian dictionary > mine *****
15 Stephenson, George

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England

d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England

[br]

English engineer, "the father of railways".

[br]

George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.

In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.

In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.

It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.

During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.

In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.

On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.

At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.

In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.

The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.

Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.

Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.

Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.

He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.

Bibliography

1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).

1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).

Further Reading

L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).

S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George
16 stop

stop
1. past tense, past participle - stopped; verb
1) (to (make something) cease moving, or come to rest, a halt etc: He stopped the car and got out; This train does not stop at Birmingham; He stopped to look at the map; He signalled with his hand to stop the bus.) impedir, evitar, detener

2) (to prevent from doing something: We must stop him (from) going; I was going to say something rude but stopped myself just in time.)

3) (to discontinue or cease eg doing something: That woman just can't stop talking; The rain has stopped; It has stopped raining.) parar

4) (to block or close: He stopped his ears with his hands when she started to shout at him.) tapar(se)

5) (to close (a hole, eg on a flute) or press down (a string on a violin etc) in order to play a particular note.) apretar, cubrir

6) (to stay: Will you be stopping long at the hotel?) quedarse, permanecer

2. noun
1) (an act of stopping or state of being stopped: We made only two stops on our journey; Work came to a stop for the day.) parada, alto, interrupción

2) (a place for eg a bus to stop: a bus stop.) parada

3) (in punctuation, a full stop: Put a stop at the end of the sentence.) punto

4) (a device on a flute etc for covering the holes in order to vary the pitch, or knobs for bringing certain pipes into use on an organ.) registro, llave

5) (a device, eg a wedge etc, for stopping the movement of something, or for keeping it in a fixed position: a door-stop.) tope

•

- stoppage
- stopper
- stopping
- stopcock
- stopgap
- stopwatch
- put a stop to
- stop at nothing
- stop dead
- stop off
- stop over
- stop up

stop¹ n parada

the bus stop la parada de autobús

stop² vb

1. parar / detener

does the number 35 bus stop here? ¿para aquí el autobús número 35?

2. dejar / parar

she never stops talking no para de hablar

3. interrumpir

rain stopped play la lluvia interrumpió el juego

4. impedir

they stopped me going out of the door me impidieron salir por la puerta

stop it! ¡basta ya!

El pasado y participio pasado de stop se escribe stopped; el gerundio se escribe stopping

stop /(e)s'top/ sustantivo masculino ( disco) stop sign
stop m Auto stop sign ' stop' also found in these entries: Spanish: alto - aparte - atajar - bajar - calentarse - callar - callarse - calzo - cascar - cesar - chorrada - consistir - coto - cuestión - dejar - dejarse - despreocuparse - detener - detenerse - discrecional - encontrarse - enrollarse - erradicación - escala - escampar - extemporánea - extemporáneo - gallina - garantizar - hoy - impedir - instar - ladrón - ladrona - lamentarse - lengua - macarra - mamarrachada - mariposear - ombligo - paliza - pamplina - parar - parada - paralizar - pararse - pedigüeña - pedigüeño - próxima - próximo English: be - blurt out - bus stop - by - daydream - dead - do - door stop - door stopper - draw - earth - fast - fiddle about with - full stop - get at - gloat - halt - harp on - jerk - mooch - must - nervous - next - now - pick on - pit stop - play around - request stop - rot - short - stand about - stand around - stop - stop by - stop off - stop out - stop over - stop sign - stop up - stop-off - stop-press - take out - tamper - threaten - time-wasting - urge - waste - way - whine - abruptly

stop

tr[stɒp]

noun

1 (halt) parada, alto

■ the vehicle came to a stop el vehículo se paró

■ work has been at a stop for weeks hace semanas que el trabajo está parado

2 (stopping place) parada

■ bus stop parada de autobús

■ which stop do you want to get off at? ¿dónde quieres bajar?

3 (on journey) parada; (break, rest) descanso, pausa

■ we make two stops on this route hacemos dos paradas en este recorrido

■ let's make a stop for lunch hagamos una parada para comer

■ our first stop was in Paris nuestra primera parada fue en París

4 (punctuation mark) punto; (in telegram) stop nombre masculino

5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (on organ) registro; (knob) botón nombre masculino de registro; (on wind instrument) llave nombre femenino

6 (in camera) diafragma nombre masculino

transitive verb (pt & pp stopped, ger stopping)

1 (halt - vehicle, person) parar, detener; (- machine, ball) parar

■ he stopped the car outside the station detuvo el coche delante de la estación

■ she stopped a passing taxi paró un taxi que pasaba

■ he was stopped by police at the airport la policía lo detuvo en el aeropuerto

■ stop that man! he's taken my bag! ¡detened a ese hombre! ¡me ha robado el bolso!

2 (end, interrupt - production) parar, paralizar; (- inflation, advance) parar, contener; (- conversation, play) interrumpir; (- pain etc) poner fin a, poner término a, acabar con

3 (pay, match, holidays) suspender; (cheque) cancelar; (money from wages) retener

■ the referee stopped the match el árbitro suspendió el partido

■ they stopped £10 from my wages me retuvieron £10 del sueldo

4 (cease) dejar de, parar de

■ has it stopped raining? ¿ha dejado de llover?

■ he stopped smoking dejó de fumar

■ she stopped work to have a baby dejó de trabajar para tener un niño

■ stop crying! ¡para de llorar!

■ do you ever stop talking? ¿no paras de hablar jamás?

■ stop it! ¡basta ya!

5 (prevent) impedir, evitar

■ they tried to stop me (from) going trataron de impedir que fuera

■ no-one could stop her (from) seeing him nadie pudo impedir que lo viera

■ the students stopped the theatre being closed los estudiantes impidieron que se cerrara el teatro

■ nothing can stop us now nada nos puede parar ahora

■ what's stopping you? ¿por qué no lo haces?, ¿qué te lo impide?

■ you must stop the bleeding hay que parar la hemorragia

6 (block - hole) tapar, taponar (up, -); (- gap) rellenar (up, -); (- tooth) empastar (up, -)

■ I've got to stop a leak in the pipe tengo que taponar un escape en la cañería

7 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (string, key) apretar; (hole) cubrir

intransitive verb

1 (halt) parar, pararse, detener, detenerse

■ does this bus stop at the station? ¿este autobús para en la estación?

■ the train stopped in a tunnel el tren se paró en un túnel

■ we stopped for a rest paramos para descansar

■ she stopped to look in a shop window paró para mirar en un escaparate

■ my watch has stopped se me ha parado el reloj

■ his heart stopped se le paró el corazón

■ she never stops no para nunca

2 (cease) acabarse, terminar, cesar

■ the shouting suddenly stopped de repente se acabaron los gritos

■ the fighting has stopped han cesado los combates

■ the rain has stopped ha dejado de llover, ya no llueve

3 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL familiar (stay) quedarse

■ no, I'm not stopping long no, no me quedo mucho rato

■ are you stopping for lunch? ¿te quedas a comer?

■ we stopped at a hotel nos quedamos en un hotel

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

stop thief! ¡al ladrón!

to come to a stop pararse, hacer un alto

to pull out all the stops tocar todos los registros

to put a stop to something poner fin a algo

to stop a bullet recibir un balazo

to stop at nothing (to do something) no pararse en barras (para hacer algo), no tener miramientos (para hacer algo)

to stop dead in one's tracks pararse en seco

to stop oneself contenerse

to stop short pararse en seco

to stop short of something no llegar a

■ he insulted him, but he stopped short of hitting him lo insultó, pero no llegó a pegarle

to stop the rot cortar por lo sano

to stop the show causar sensación

to stop to think detenerse a pensar

without stopping sin parar, sin cesar

stop press noticias nombre femenino plural de última hora

stop sign stop nombre masculino

stop ['stɑp] v, stopped ; stopping vt

1) plug: tapar

2) prevent: impedir, evitar

she stopped me from leaving: me impidió que saliera

3) halt: parar, detener

4) cease: dejar de

he stopped talking: dejó de hablar

stop vi

1) halt: detenerse, parar

2) cease: cesar, terminar

the rain won't stop: no deja de llover

3) stay: quedarse

she stopped with friends: se quedó en casa de unos amigos

4)

to stop by : visitar

stop n

1) stopper: tapón m

2) halt: parada f, alto m

to come to a stop: pararse, detenerse

to put a stop to: poner fin a

3) : parada f

bus stop: parada de autobús

stop

expr.

• alto expr.

n.

• cesación s.f.

• chazador s.m.

• estación s.f.

• estada s.f.

• fiador s.m.

• fin s.m.

• parada s.f.

• retén s.m.

• tope s.m.

v.

• acabar v.

• cesar v.

• detener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• escampar v.

• hospedar v.

• impedir v.

• parar v.

• pararse v.

• poner fin a v.

• represar v.

• suspender v.

• terminar v.

stɑːp, stɒp
I

noun

1) ( halt)

to work without a stop — trabajar sin parar

to bring something to a stop — \<\<train/car\>\> detener* or parar algo; \<\<conversation/proceedings\>\> poner* fin a or interrumpir algo

to come to a stop — \<\<vehicle/aircraft\>\> detenerse*; \<\<production/conversation\>\> interrumpirse

to put a stop to something — \<\<to mischief/malpractice\>\> poner* fin a algo

2)

a) ( break on journey) parada f

we made a stop at a service station — paramos en una estación de servicio

after an overnight stop in Madrid — después de hacer noche or de pasar la noche en Madrid

b) ( stopping place) parada f, paradero m (AmL exc RPl)

3) ( punctuation mark) (esp BrE) punto m; ( in telegrams) stop m; see also full stop

4) ( Mus) ( on organ) registro m

to pull out all the stops — tocar* todos los registros

II
1.

- pp- transitive verb

1)

a) ( halt) \<\<taxi/bus\>\> parar; \<\<person\>\> parar, detener*

we were stopped by the police — nos paró la policía

I stopped the car and got out — paré or detuve el coche y me bajé

b) ( switch off) \<\<machine/engine\>\> parar

2)

a) (bring to an end, interrupt) \<\<decline/inflation\>\> detener*, parar; \<\<discussion/abuse\>\> poner* fin a, acabar con

stop that noise! — deja de hacer ruido!

the trial was stopped — se suspendió el juicio

rain stopped play — la lluvia interrumpió el partido

b) ( cease)

stop what you're doing and listen to me — deja lo que estás haciendo y escúchame

stop it! — basta ya!

stop that nonsense! — déjate de tonterías!

to stop -ING — dejar de + inf

stop arguing! — dejen de discutir!

I couldn't stop laughing — no podía parar de reírme

he never stops talking — habla sin parar

3) ( prevent)

what's stopping you? — ¿qué te lo impide?

I had to tell him, I couldn't stop myself — tuve que decírselo, no pude contenerme

to stop somebody (FROM) -ING — (esp BrE) impedirle* a alguien + inf, impedir* que alguien (+ subj)

they locked him up to stop him (from) escaping — lo encerraron para impedir que se escapara

to stop something -ING — impedir* que algo (+ subj)

to stop something happening — impedir* que ocurra algo

4)

a) (cancel, withhold) \<\<subscription\>\> cancelar; \<\<payment\>\> suspender

to stop (payment of) a check — dar* orden de no pagar un cheque

b) ( deduct) (BrE) descontar*, retener*

the boss stopped £30 out of my wages — el jefe me descontó or me retuvo 30 libras del sueldo

5) ( block) \<\<hole\>\> tapar; \<\<gap\>\> rellenar; \<\<tooth\>\> empastar

6) ( parry) \<\<blow/punch\>\> parar, detener*

2.

vi

1)

a) ( halt) \<\<vehicle/driver\>\> parar, detenerse*

stop, thief! — al ladrón!

stop or I'll shoot! — alto o disparo!

to stop at nothing — estar* dispuesto a hacer cualquier cosa, no pararse en barras

b) ( interrupt journey) \<\<train/bus\>\> parar

let's stop here and have a rest — hagamos un alto or paremos aquí para descansar

c) ( cease operating) \<\<watch/clock/machine\>\> pararse

2)

a) ( cease)

the rain has stopped — ha dejado or parado de llover, ya no llueve

the pain/bleeding has stopped — ya no le (or me etc) duele/sale sangre

the noise stopped — dejó de oírse el ruido

this squandering of funds must stop — este derroche de fondos tiene que terminar

b) ( interrupt activity) parar

she never stops — no para un minuto

I didn't stop to think — no me detuve a pensar

3) (colloq) ( stay) quedarse

I can't stop — no me puedo quedar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- stop by

- stop in

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

[stɒp]
1. N

1) (=halt) parada f, alto m

• to be at a stop — [+ vehicle] estar parado; [+ production, process] quedar paralizado

• to bring to a stop — [+ vehicle] parar, detener; [+ production, process] paralizar, interrumpir

• to come to a stop — [vehicle] parar(se), detenerse; [production, progress] interrumpirse

to come to a dead or sudden stop — pararse en seco, detenerse repentinamente

to come to a full stop — [negotiations, discussions] paralizarse, quedar detenido en un punto muerto

• to put a stop to sth — poner fin or término a algo, acabar con algo

2) (=break, pause) descanso m, pausa f; (overnight) estancia f, estadía f (LAm), estada f (LAm); (for refuelling) escala f

• a stop for coffee — un descanso para tomar café

• to make a stop at Bordeaux — hacer escala en Burdeos

• a stop of a few days — una estancia de unos días

• without a stop — sin parar

3) (=stopping place) (for bus etc) parada f; (Aer, Naut) escala f

4) (Typ) (also: full stop) punto m

5) (Mus) (on organ) registro m; [of guitar] traste m; [of other instrument] llave f

- pull out all the stops

6) (Mech) tope m, retén m

7) (Phon) (also: stop consonant) (consonante f) oclusiva f

2. VT

1) (=block) [+ hole] tapar; [+ leak, flow of blood] restañar; [+ tooth] empastar

• to stop one's ears — taparse los oídos

• to stop a gap — tapar un agujero; (fig) llenar un vacío

• the curtains stop the light — las cortinas impiden la entrada de la luz

• the walls stop some of the noise — las paredes absorben parte del ruido

2) (=arrest movement of) [+ runaway engine, car] detener, parar; [+ blow, punch] parar

- stop a bullet

3) (=put an end to) [+ rumour, abuse, activity, injustice] poner fin a, poner término a, acabar con; [+ conversation] interrumpir, suspender; [+ aggression] rechazar, contener; [+ production] (permanently) terminar; (temporarily) interrumpir

4) (=prevent) evitar; (=forbid) prohibir, poner fin a

this should stop any further trouble — esto debería evitar cualquier dificultad en el futuro

to stop sth (from) happening — evitar que algo ocurra

to stop sb (from) doing sth — (=prevent) impedir a algn hacer algo, impedir que algn haga algo; (=forbid) prohibir a algn hacer algo, prohibir a algn que haga algo

can't you stop him? — ¿no le puedes impedir que lo haga?

there is nothing to stop him — y no hay nada que se lo impida

to stop o.s. (from doing sth) — abstenerse (de hacer algo)

I can't seem to stop myself doing it — parece que no puedo dejar de hacerlo

I stopped myself in time — me detuve a tiempo

5) (=cease)

to stop doing sth — dejar de hacer algo

• stop it! — ¡basta ya!

I just can't stop it — (=help it) ¡qué remedio!, ¡qué le vamos a hacer!

• stop that noise! — ¡basta ya de ruido!

• stop that nonsense! — ¡déjate de tonterías!

• it has stopped raining — ha dejado de llover, ya no llueve

• I'm trying to stop smoking — estoy intentando dejar de fumar

• she never stops talking — habla sin parar

• to stop work — dejar de trabajar

6) (=suspend) [+ payments, wages, subscription] suspender; [+ cheque] invalidar; [+ supply] cortar, interrumpir

• to stop sb's electricity — cortar la electricidad a algn

• all leave is stopped — han sido cancelados todos los permisos

• to stop the milk for a fortnight — (Brit) pedir al lechero que no traiga leche durante quince días

• to stop sb's wages — suspender el pago del sueldo de algn

to stop ten pounds from sb's wages — retener diez libras del sueldo de algn

3. VI

1) (=stop moving) [person, vehicle] pararse, detenerse; [clock, watch] pararse

the car stopped — se paró el coche

where does the bus stop? — ¿dónde para el autobús?

the clock has stopped — el reloj se ha parado

stop! — ¡pare!

stop, thief! — ¡al ladrón!

2) (=pause, take a break) parar, hacer alto

to stop to do sth — detenerse a hacer algo

• without stopping — sin parar

3) (=cease, come to an end) terminar, acabar(se); [supply etc] cortarse, interrumpirse; [process, rain etc] terminar, cesar

• payments have stopped — (temporarily) se han suspendido los pagos; (permanently) han terminado los pagos

• when the programme stops — cuando termine el programa

• the rain has stopped — ha dejado de llover

• he seems not to know when to stop — parece no saber cuándo conviene hacer alto

- stop at nothing

4) * (=stay)

to stop (at/with) — hospedarse or alojarse (con)

she's stopping with her aunt — se hospeda en casa de su tía

I'm not stopping — no me quedo

did you stop till the end? — ¿te quedaste hasta el final?

4.

CPD

stop button N — botón m de parada

stop press N — noticias fpl de última hora

stop press — (as heading) al cierre de la edición

stop sign N — (Aut) stop m, señal f de stop

- stop away

- stop behind

- stop by

- stop in

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

* * *
[stɑːp, stɒp]
I

noun

1) ( halt)

to work without a stop — trabajar sin parar

to bring something to a stop — \<\<train/car\>\> detener* or parar algo; \<\<conversation/proceedings\>\> poner* fin a or interrumpir algo

to come to a stop — \<\<vehicle/aircraft\>\> detenerse*; \<\<production/conversation\>\> interrumpirse

to put a stop to something — \<\<to mischief/malpractice\>\> poner* fin a algo

2)

a) ( break on journey) parada f

we made a stop at a service station — paramos en una estación de servicio

after an overnight stop in Madrid — después de hacer noche or de pasar la noche en Madrid

b) ( stopping place) parada f, paradero m (AmL exc RPl)

3) ( punctuation mark) (esp BrE) punto m; ( in telegrams) stop m; see also full stop

4) ( Mus) ( on organ) registro m

to pull out all the stops — tocar* todos los registros

II
1.

- pp- transitive verb

1)

a) ( halt) \<\<taxi/bus\>\> parar; \<\<person\>\> parar, detener*

we were stopped by the police — nos paró la policía

I stopped the car and got out — paré or detuve el coche y me bajé

b) ( switch off) \<\<machine/engine\>\> parar

2)

a) (bring to an end, interrupt) \<\<decline/inflation\>\> detener*, parar; \<\<discussion/abuse\>\> poner* fin a, acabar con

stop that noise! — deja de hacer ruido!

the trial was stopped — se suspendió el juicio

rain stopped play — la lluvia interrumpió el partido

b) ( cease)

stop what you're doing and listen to me — deja lo que estás haciendo y escúchame

stop it! — basta ya!

stop that nonsense! — déjate de tonterías!

to stop -ING — dejar de + inf

stop arguing! — dejen de discutir!

I couldn't stop laughing — no podía parar de reírme

he never stops talking — habla sin parar

3) ( prevent)

what's stopping you? — ¿qué te lo impide?

I had to tell him, I couldn't stop myself — tuve que decírselo, no pude contenerme

to stop somebody (FROM) -ING — (esp BrE) impedirle* a alguien + inf, impedir* que alguien (+ subj)

they locked him up to stop him (from) escaping — lo encerraron para impedir que se escapara

to stop something -ING — impedir* que algo (+ subj)

to stop something happening — impedir* que ocurra algo

4)

a) (cancel, withhold) \<\<subscription\>\> cancelar; \<\<payment\>\> suspender

to stop (payment of) a check — dar* orden de no pagar un cheque

b) ( deduct) (BrE) descontar*, retener*

the boss stopped £30 out of my wages — el jefe me descontó or me retuvo 30 libras del sueldo

5) ( block) \<\<hole\>\> tapar; \<\<gap\>\> rellenar; \<\<tooth\>\> empastar

6) ( parry) \<\<blow/punch\>\> parar, detener*

2.

vi

1)

a) ( halt) \<\<vehicle/driver\>\> parar, detenerse*

stop, thief! — al ladrón!

stop or I'll shoot! — alto o disparo!

to stop at nothing — estar* dispuesto a hacer cualquier cosa, no pararse en barras

b) ( interrupt journey) \<\<train/bus\>\> parar

let's stop here and have a rest — hagamos un alto or paremos aquí para descansar

c) ( cease operating) \<\<watch/clock/machine\>\> pararse

2)

a) ( cease)

the rain has stopped — ha dejado or parado de llover, ya no llueve

the pain/bleeding has stopped — ya no le (or me etc) duele/sale sangre

the noise stopped — dejó de oírse el ruido

this squandering of funds must stop — este derroche de fondos tiene que terminar

b) ( interrupt activity) parar

she never stops — no para un minuto

I didn't stop to think — no me detuve a pensar

3) (colloq) ( stay) quedarse

I can't stop — no me puedo quedar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- stop by

- stop in

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

English-spanish dictionary > stop
17 drink

[driŋk] 1. past tense - drank; verb
1) (to swallow (a liquid): She drank a pint of water; He drank from a bottle.) pít

2) (to take alcoholic liquids, especially in too great a quantity.) pít
2. noun
1) ((an act of drinking) a liquid suitable for swallowing: He had/took a drink of water; Lemonade is a refreshing drink.) nápoj, pití

2) ((a glassful etc of) alcoholic liquor: He likes a drink when he returns home from work; Have we any drink in the house?) sklenička

•

- drink in
- drink to / drink to the health of
- drink to / drink the health of
- drink up
* * *

• vypít

• pití

• pít

• napít se

• nápoj

• bumbat

• drink/drank/drunk

English-Czech dictionary > drink
18 drink

[driŋk] 1. past tense - drank; verb
1) (to swallow (a liquid): She drank a pint of water; He drank from a bottle.) piť

2) (to take alcoholic liquids, especially in too great a quantity.) piť
2. noun
1) ((an act of drinking) a liquid suitable for swallowing: He had/took a drink of water; Lemonade is a refreshing drink.) pitie, nápoj

2) ((a glassful etc of) alcoholic liquor: He likes a drink when he returns home from work; Have we any drink in the house?) pohárik

•

- drink in
- drink to / drink to the health of
- drink to / drink the health of
- drink up
* * *

• dúšok

• pit

• opilstvo

• nápoj

English-Slovak dictionary > drink
19 bear

I beə past tense - bore; verb
1) ((usually with cannot, could not etc) to put up with or endure: I couldn't bear it if he left.) aguantar, soportar

2) (to be able to support: Will the table bear my weight?) aguantar

3) ((past participle in passive born bo:n) to produce (children): She has borne (him) several children; She was born on July 7.) dar a luz, parir

4) (to carry: He was borne shoulder-high after his victory.) cargar, llevar

5) (to have: The cheque bore his signature.) llevar

6) (to turn or fork: The road bears left here.) desviarse

•

- bearable
- bearer
- bearing
- bearings
- bear down on
- bear fruit
- bear out
- bear up
- bear with
- find/get one's bearings
- lose one's bearings
II beə noun
(a large heavy animal with thick fur and hooked claws.) oso

- bearskin

bear¹ n oso

a polar bear un oso polar

bear² vb aguantar / soportar / resistir

I can't bear this heat no soporto este calor

I couldn't bear the pain no aguantaba el dolor

that branch won't bear your weight esa rama no resistirá tu peso

to bear in mind tener en cuenta / tener presente

El pasado de bear es bore y el participio pasado es borne

bear

tr[beə^SMALLr/SMALL]

noun

1 SMALLZOOLOGY/SMALL oso

2 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL bajista nombre masulino o femenino, especulador,-ra a la baja

3 (rough person) bruto

intransitive verb

1 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL vender al iniciarse una bajada de precios para volver a comprar luego a un precio más bajo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be like a bear with a sore head estar de un humor de perros

bear hug apretujón nombre masculino, abrazo muy fuerte

bear account posición nombre femenino de vendedor

bear cub SMALLZOOLOGY/SMALL osezno

grizzly bear oso pardo

the Great Bear la Osa Mayor

the Little Bear la Osa Menor

————————

bear

tr[beə^SMALLr/SMALL]

transitive verb (pt bore tr[bɔː^SMALLr/SMALL], pp borne tr[bɔːn])

1 (carry) llevar

■ the officer bore the flag el oficial llevaba la bandera

2 (name, date) llevar

■ the document bore the date of the meeting el documento llevaba la fecha de la reunión

3 (show signs of) mostrar, revelar

■ the body bore no signs of violence el cadáver no mostraba señales de violencia

4 (weight) soportar, aguantar; (responsibility, cost) asumir

5 (tolerate) soportar, aguantar

■ I can't bear him no lo soporto

■ how do you bear the job? ¿cómo aguantas el trabajo?

6 (fruit) producir

7 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL (interest) devengar

8 (give birth) tener, dar a luz

■ she has borne a son ha tenido un niño

■ her daughter was born deaf su hija nació sorda

intransitive verb

1 (turn) torcer a

■ bear left at the next set of traffic lights tuerza hacia la izquierda al próximo semáforo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to bear in mind tener presente

to bear a grudge guardar rencor

to bear a resemblance to parecerse a

to bear hard on oprimir

to bear witness to something ser testigo de algo

to bear no relation to no tener nada que ver con

■ the facts bear no relation to this case los hechos no tienen nada que ver con este caso

to bring pressure to bear ejercer presión (on, a), presionar (on, a)

■ they brought pressure to bear on the government ejercieron presión sobre el gobierno

it doesn't bear thinking about me da escalofríos nada más pensar en ello

bear ['bær] v, bore ['bor] ; borne ['bɔrn] ; bearing vt

1) carry: llevar, portar

2) : dar a luz a (un niño)

3) produce: dar (frutas, cosechas)

4) endure, support: soportar, resistir, aguantar

bear vi

1) turn: doblar, dar la vuelta

bear right: doble a la derecha

2)

to bear up : resistir

bear n, pl bears or bear : oso m, osa f

bear

adj.

• bajista adj.

n.

• bajista s.m.,f.

• oso s.m.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne) = aguantar v.

• apoyar v.

• cargar v.

• gobernar v.

• llevar v.

• parir v.

• partir v.

• permitir v.

• producir v.

(§pres: produzco, produces...) pret: produj-•)

• resistir v.

• sentir v.

• sobrellevar v.

• soportar v.

• sufrir v.

I
1. ber, beə(r)
(past bore; past p borne) transitive verb

1)

a) ( support) \<\<weight\>\> aguantar, resistir; \<\<cost\>\> correr con; \<\<responsibility\>\> cargar* con

b) ( endure) \<\<pain/uncertainty\>\> soportar, aguantar

the pain was too much to bear — el dolor se hizo insoportable

c) (put up with, stand) (colloq) (with can) \<\<person\>\> aguantar (fam), soportar; \<\<noise\>\> aguantar, soportar

I can't bear her — no la soporto, no la aguanto or no la puedo ver (fam)

he can't bear being criticized — no soporta que lo critiquen

to bear to + inf: I can't bear to watch! — no puedo mirar

d) ( stand up to)

his work bears comparison with the best — su obra puede compararse con las mejores

her argument doesn't bear close scrutiny — su razonamiento no resiste un análisis cuidadoso

it doesn't bear thinking about — da miedo sólo de pensarlo

2)

a) ( carry) (liter) \<\<banner/coffin\>\> llevar, portar (liter)

our raft was borne along by the current — la corriente arrastraba nuestra balsa

a letter bearing good news — una carta portadora de buenas noticias

b) ( harbor)

she's not one to bear a grudge — no es rencorosa or resentida

I bear him no ill will — no le deseo ningún mal

3) (have, show) \<\<title/signature\>\> llevar; \<\<scars\>\> tener*; \<\<resemblance\>\> tener*, guardar

his account bears little relation to the truth — su versión tiene poco que ver or guarda poca relación con la verdad

4)

a) ( produce) \<\<fruit/crop\>\> dar*; \<\<interest\>\> devengar*

b) ( give birth to) \<\<child\>\> dar* a luz

she bore him six children — (liter) le dio seis hijos (liter); see also born I

2.

vi

a) ( turn) torcer*

bear left/right — tuerza or doble a la izquierda/derecha

b) ( weigh down) (frml)

to bear on somebody: the responsibility bore heavily on her — la responsabilidad pesaba sobre sus hombros; bring 2) a)

3.

v refl (frml)

a) (hold, carry)

there's something very distinguished about the way he bears himself — tiene un porte muy distinguido

b) ( behave)

to bear oneself — comportarse, conducirse* (frml)

Phrasal Verbs:

- bear down

- bear down on

- bear out

- bear up

- bear with

II

noun oso, osa m,f

he's a regular bear in the morning — (AmE) por las mañanas está de un humor de perros

to be like a bear with a sore head — (colloq) estar* de un humor de perros (fam)

to be loaded for bear — (AmE colloq) estar* listo para el ataque; (before n)

bear cub — osezno m

I [bɛǝ(r)]
1. N

1) (=animal) oso(-a) m / f ; (fig) (=man) grandullón * m

he was a huge bear of a man — era un hombre grande como un oso

the Great/Little Bear — la Osa Mayor/Menor

- be like a bear with a sore head

- be loaded for bear
brown 5., grizzly, polar
2) (also: teddy bear) osito m de peluche

3) (Econ) (=pessimistic trader) bajista mf

2.

CPD

bear baiting N — espectáculo en el que se azuzan a unos perros contra un oso

bear cub N — osezno m

bear garden N — (fig) manicomio m, casa f de locos

bear hug N — fuerte abrazo m

bear market N — (Econ) mercado m bajista

bear pit N — (fig) manicomio m, casa f de locos

II [bɛǝ(r)] (pt bore) (pp borne)
1. VT

1) (=support) [+ weight] aguantar, sostener; - bearing

2) (=take on) [+ cost] correr con, pagar; [+ responsibility] cargar con; (fig) [+ burden] soportar

the government bears some responsibility for this crisis — el gobierno tiene parte de responsabilidad en esta crisis

he bore no responsibility for what had happened — no era responsable de lo que había pasado

they bear most of the responsibility for elderly relatives — cargan con la mayor parte de la responsabilidad de atender a familiares ancianos

3) (=endure) [+ pain, suspense] soportar, aguantar

I can't bear the suspense — no puedo soportar or aguantar el suspense

I can't bear him — no lo puedo ver, no lo soporto or aguanto

the dog can't bear being shut in — el perro no soporta estar encerrado

I can't bear to look — no puedo mirar

he can't bear to talk about it — no puede hablar de ello

he can't bear to see her suffer — no soporta verla sufrir
brunt
4) (=bring) [+ news, gift] traer

a letter bearing important news — una carta que traeaía importantes noticias

5) (=carry) llevar, portar liter

protesters bearing placards — manifestantes mfpl llevando or portando pancartas

to bear arms — frm portar armas frm

he bore himself like a soldier — (posture) tenía un porte soldadesco; (behaviour) se comportó como un verdadero soldado

there was dignity in the way he bore himself — había dignidad en su porte

6) (=have, display) [+ signature, date, message, title] llevar; [+ mark, scar] conservar

his ideas bore little relation to reality — sus ideas no tenían mucha relación con la realidad

she bore no resemblance to the girl I knew 20 years ago — no se parecía en nada a la chica que había conocido 20 años atrás

the room bore all the signs of a violent struggle — el cuarto conservaba todas las huellas de una riña violenta

to bear a grudge — guardar rencor

she bears him no ill-will — (grudge) no le guarda rencor; (hostility) no siente ninguna animadversión hacia él
witness 1., 2), mind 1., 3)
7) (=stand up to) [+ examination] resistir

her story won't bear scrutiny — su historia no resistirá un análisis

it doesn't bear thinking about * — da horror solo pensarlo

the film bears comparison with far more expensive productions — la película puede compararse con producciones mucho más caras

8) liter (=produce) [+ fruit] dar; frm [+ child] dar a luz a; (Econ) [+ interest] devengar

her hard work bore fruit when she was promoted — sus esfuerzos dieron fruto cuando la ascendieron

she bore him a daughter — le dio una hija

2. VI

1) (=move)

to bear (to the) right/left — torcer or girar a la derecha/izquierda

2)

to bear on sth — (=relate to) guardar relación con algo, tener que ver con algo; (=influence) influir en algo
bring
3) (=afflict)

his misdeeds bore heavily on his conscience — sus fechorías le pesaban en la conciencia

- bear away

- bear down

- bear in on

- bear off

- bear on

- bear out

- bear up

- bear with

* * *

I
1. [ber, beə(r)]
(past bore; past p borne) transitive verb

1)

a) ( support) \<\<weight\>\> aguantar, resistir; \<\<cost\>\> correr con; \<\<responsibility\>\> cargar* con

b) ( endure) \<\<pain/uncertainty\>\> soportar, aguantar

the pain was too much to bear — el dolor se hizo insoportable

c) (put up with, stand) (colloq) (with can) \<\<person\>\> aguantar (fam), soportar; \<\<noise\>\> aguantar, soportar

I can't bear her — no la soporto, no la aguanto or no la puedo ver (fam)

he can't bear being criticized — no soporta que lo critiquen

to bear to + inf: I can't bear to watch! — no puedo mirar

d) ( stand up to)

his work bears comparison with the best — su obra puede compararse con las mejores

her argument doesn't bear close scrutiny — su razonamiento no resiste un análisis cuidadoso

it doesn't bear thinking about — da miedo sólo de pensarlo

2)

a) ( carry) (liter) \<\<banner/coffin\>\> llevar, portar (liter)

our raft was borne along by the current — la corriente arrastraba nuestra balsa

a letter bearing good news — una carta portadora de buenas noticias

b) ( harbor)

she's not one to bear a grudge — no es rencorosa or resentida

I bear him no ill will — no le deseo ningún mal

3) (have, show) \<\<title/signature\>\> llevar; \<\<scars\>\> tener*; \<\<resemblance\>\> tener*, guardar

his account bears little relation to the truth — su versión tiene poco que ver or guarda poca relación con la verdad

4)

a) ( produce) \<\<fruit/crop\>\> dar*; \<\<interest\>\> devengar*

b) ( give birth to) \<\<child\>\> dar* a luz

she bore him six children — (liter) le dio seis hijos (liter); see also born I

2.

vi

a) ( turn) torcer*

bear left/right — tuerza or doble a la izquierda/derecha

b) ( weigh down) (frml)

to bear on somebody: the responsibility bore heavily on her — la responsabilidad pesaba sobre sus hombros; bring 2) a)

3.

v refl (frml)

a) (hold, carry)

there's something very distinguished about the way he bears himself — tiene un porte muy distinguido

b) ( behave)

to bear oneself — comportarse, conducirse* (frml)

Phrasal Verbs:

- bear down

- bear down on

- bear out

- bear up

- bear with

II

noun oso, osa m,f

he's a regular bear in the morning — (AmE) por las mañanas está de un humor de perros

to be like a bear with a sore head — (colloq) estar* de un humor de perros (fam)

to be loaded for bear — (AmE colloq) estar* listo para el ataque; (before n)

bear cub — osezno m

English-spanish dictionary > bear
20 hueso

hueso sustantivo masculino 1
a) (Anat) bone;

◊ en los huesos (fam) nothing but skin and bone(s) (colloq)

b)

◊ (de) color hueso off-white, bone-colored
2 ( de fruta) pit (AmE), stone (BrE)
hueso sustantivo masculino
1 Anat bone
2 (de una fruta) stone, US pit
3 (persona difícil de complacer) hard nut
4 fig (tarea trabajosa) hard work
5 LAm (enchufe) contact Locuciones: estar en los huesos, to be all skin and bone Esp pinchar/dar en hueso, to come up against a tricky or difficult person: conmigo has pinchado en hueso en cuanto a la financiación de tu aventura, to get me to pay for your adventure will be tricky
la sin hueso, the tongue ' hueso' also found in these entries: Spanish: caballete - caña - carne - carné - desencajar - desencajada - desencajado - desencajarse - desenterrar - frontal - médula - pepita - roer - romperse - rotura - soldarse - tuétano - zafarse - aceituna - astilla - astillarse - componer - fragmento - pelado - pómulo - quebradizo - quebrado - saliente English: ankle bone - bone - bony - break - crack - dislodge - flesh - for - life - live - mend - nut - off-white - pit - set - splinter - stone - off

English-spanish dictionary > hueso

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to work at the pit

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to work at the pit

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